Some investment analysts argue that very low interest rates on some long-term bonds make them risky investment.When investment rates rise, investment prices fall (and vise-versa), with long-term bonds is most sensitive to rate changes. This is because longer-term bonds have a greater duration than short-term bonds that are closer to maturity and have fewer coupon payments remaining. Long-term bonds are also exposed to a greater probability that interest rates will change over its remaining duration. A breach of condition gives the injured party the option to affirm the contract, keeping it on foot or alternatively discharging the contract. To discharge the contract is to cease all obligations from date of breach. Price SettingThe value of an ounce of gold or a share of stock is no more, and no less, than what someone is willing to pay to own it.

In direct finance, borrowers borrow funds directly from lenders in financial markets by selling them securities, which are claims on the borrower’s future income or assets. Securities are assets for the person who buys the buy liabilities, for the individual or firm that sells them. Legal Tender is the government designation that currency is accepted for payment of taxes and people must accept it in payments of debts. It is anything recognized by law as a means to settle a public or private debt or meet a financial obligation, including tax payments, contracts, and legal fines or damages.

Enumerate and describe the sources of demand for money. Transaction demandMoney demanded day-to-day payments through balances held by household and firms. This kind of demand varies with GDP; it does euro dollar forecast not depend on the rate of interest. I just initiated the process of turning my bitcoin into cash through buybitcoin.ph. I invite my fellow Pinoys to take advantage of Bitcoin by joining Bitbillions.

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Bitcoin, a popular online digital currency which also known as the “gold for nerds”, can now be bought and sold here in the Philippines. Esso Petroleum Co Ltd v Harper’s Garage Ltd – Restraint too long.

Legal tender is established by a statute which specifies the thing to be used as legal tender and the institution that is authorized to produce and issue it to the public. Before its invention, people bartered, swapping scammed by lexatrade goods they produced themselves for things they needed from others. Barter is sufficient for simple transactions, but not when the things traded are of differing values, or not available at the same time.

Breaching innominate term o If a breach results in trivial consequences, a remedy in damages should suffice . o If a breach results in serious consequences, the injured party should be entitled to treat the contract as discharged . Oscar currency exchange Chess Ltd v Williams – The court of Appeal held that William’s statement was not a term of the contract because as a private individual, Williams was not in a position to guarantee the accuracy of the year of registration given.

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Cashless society is an economic concept or state where all the financial transactions take place through transfer of digital information instead of physical banknotes or coins. In reality, it is not easy to attain in the near future for two key reasons. First, as we noted with respect to blockchain, the infrastructure for an e-payments system is expensive to build. Second, many household and firms worry about protecting their privacy in an electric system that is subject to computer hackers. Explain briefly the importance of using checks in paying for goods or services purchased.When using checks the bank makes a copy so people can easily prove the payment they have made. All the information would ever need about a payment is also written on the checks and the underlying copy. With each check people can know how much they spent, who paid, when they paid, and even what they are paying for.

Information gathering and sharing – third service of the financial system is the collection and communication of information, or facts about borrowers and expectations of returns on financial assets. Banks collect information on borrowers to forecast their likelihood of repaying loans. Financial markets convey information on both savers and borrowers by determining the prices of stocks, bonds, and other securities. The incorporation of available information into asset prices is an important feature of well-functioning financial markets. The arrows show that funds flow from lenders-servers to borrower- spenders via two routes.

The test is whether a reasonable person viewing all the circumstances of the case would consider that the promisor intended his promise to have legal consequences. In support of alternative view, in Dickson Trading Pte Ltd v Transmarco Ltd , Chan Kek Keong JC said “the offeror in a unilateral contract has an obligation not to revoke the offer after the offeree has embarked on the performance of the conditions.“ Asset ValuationMarket prices offer the best way to determine the value of a firm or the firm’s asset, or property. This is important not only to those buying and selling businesses, but also to regulators. On the other hand, non-financial liabilities are mainly contingencies or types of liabilities that are not of financial transaction origin. Examples for these liabilities include deferred revenue, advances received and provisions that might have to be made as a result of these changes.

The party signing it is bound, and it is wholly immaterial whether he has read the documents or not. Bannerman v White – White told Bannerman that he would not even bother to ask the price if sulphur had been used. The court held that Bannerman was found to have breached the contract, thus entitling White to repudiate the contract. 3) Terms are statements which form part of a contract o The only similarity between terms and representations is that they originate as oral and written statements before a contract is formed. remuneration for loss of time incurred in such attendance is a promise without consideration. TransparencyThe availability of prompt and complete information about trades and prices.

The wider the clause the more protection it will provide to the party relying on it. L’Estrange v Graucob – The court held that the document containing contractual terms is signed, then in the absence of fraud or misrepresentation.

 Receivables – a contractual right to receive cash or another financial asset from another entity. Explain the nature of a derivative.Derivative is a financial security with a value that is reliant upon or derived from, an underlying asset- a benchmark. The derivative itself is contract between two or more parties, and the derivatives derives its price from fluctuations in the underlying asset.

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Online Trading – if you are actively trading different foreign currencies, online trading is for you. This is a more complex way of trading currencies because you can be dealing with the world currencies and in real time buying, selling, asking, and bidding. You must know the fundamental and technical analysis of different currencies to always make more money. You must be aware of the tools, indicators, symbols, and charts of your trading platform whatever Forex broker you are dealing with. It is not “more” volatile than the stock market.

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Speculative demandMoney demanded because of expectations about interest rates in the future. This means that people will decide to expand their money balances and hold off on bond purchases if they expect interest rate to rise. This kind of demand has a negative relationship with the interest rate. Explain briefly how money facilitates the flow of resources in macroeconomy.Money facilitates the flow of resources in the circular model of macroeconomy. Not enough money will slow down the economy, and too much money can cause inflation because of higher price levels. Either way, monitoring the supply and demand for money is vital for the economy’s central bank’s monetary policy, which aims to stabilize price levels and to support economic growth.

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 Forward contracts – An agreement to buy or sell an asset at a predetermined price as of a future date. This is a highly customizable derivative, which is not traded on an exchange.  Stocks – are financial top trading platforms 2020 assets with no set ending or expiration date. An investor buying stocks becomes part-owner of a company and shares in its profits and losses. Stocks may be held indefinitely or sold to other investors.

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But there’s a better crypto currency type called SCRYPT. Litecoin and Doge Coin are types of Scrypt crypto currencies. Right now you just need a good video card. I myself use two Sapphire 290x cards. I’ve already paid for one in full in 3 weeks of mining. The “law of diminishing returns” applies to the peso, the dollar, and almost all currencies.

That doesn’t mean I’m not gonna work for money or try to make some. It also applies to cars, celphones, and laptops. I don’t see a decline of people buying those things though. To buy Bitcoins, you just need to visit one of the 800 branches of the Bank of the Philippine Islands and make a deposit. You can sell your Bitcoins using BuyBitcoin.ph’s platform granted that you have a MetroBank, BPI, or BDO account. At the time of writing, the buy/sell exchange rate was at Php41,874.30/Php37,858.51. We have all the dates all through March and April, but they are filling up fast – so secure your slot now.

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For an offer to be effective, it must be communicated to the offeree o E.g. If offer is sent on Monday and it reaches offeree on Wednesday, the offer is deemed to be made on Wednesday. SECThe SEC approved amendments to the Securities Regulation Code and the Corporation Code as well as supporting the bills on regulating Collective Investment Schemes to enhance local regulations and conform to international practices. The SEC is also studying the ideal regulatory treatment of virtual currency from the perspective of investor protection. For internet-based scams, the SEC coordinates with the Philippine National Police and the National Bureau of Investment which possess the resources and expertise to assist in the investigation of cybercrimes committed by online organization. Explain the basic flow of the funds through the financial system.

  •  Stocks – are financial assets with no set ending or expiration date.
  • In short, a financial asset, are easier to value and more liquid.
  • Some investment analysts argue that very low interest rates on some long-term bonds make them risky investment.When investment rates rise, investment prices fall (and vise-versa), with long-term bonds is most sensitive to rate changes.
  • I just initiated the process of turning my bitcoin into cash through buybitcoin.ph.
  • first time, such as with an initial public offering .
  • Some local pawnshops in the Philippines also do foreign exchange.

When the promisor gives reasonable notice of his intention to revert to the original legal relationship, the original relationship is restored. Bradbury v Morgan – The court held that the death of an offeror did not terminate the offer unless the offeree had notice of the offeror’s death. Suitable investor protection and regulationExcessive regulation can stifle a market.

Second method of raising funds is by issuing equity instruments, such as common or ordinary stock, which are claims to share in the net income and the asset of the business. If you own one share of common stock in a company that has issued one million shares, you are entitled of 1 one- millionth of the firm’s net income and 1 one-millionth of firm’s assets. equities often make periodic payment to their holders and are considered long-term securities because they have no maturity date. In addition, owning stock means that you own a portion of the firm and thus have the right to vote on issues important to the firm and to elect its directors.

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as long as the market is liquid, there will be a buyer for every seller and vice versa. On the other hand, a non-financial asset, such as piece of equipment or vehicle, can be challenging to sell because there is not an active market of buyer and seller. The pricing of non-financial item may be foggy as there is no market standard. The time it takes to find a buyer, make the sale, and distribute the physical asset, make non-financial illiquid. In short, a financial asset, are easier to value and more liquid. While, a non- financial asset is an asset that derives its value from its physical trait intellectual property.

Fiat money has value only because a government maintains its value, or because parties engaging in exchange agree scammed by lexatrade on its value. For example, paper currency, people accept paper as money partly because it is legal tender.